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Sh2-115, Emission Nebula

Sh2-115 is an extensive, faint emission nebula located in the constellation Cygnus, approximately two and a half degrees northwest of Deneb and about 7,500–7,800 light-years away. It contains the young open cluster Berkeley 90, whose several massive stars ionize and shape the surrounding gas through their intense ultraviolet radiation and stellar winds. The nebula has a complex morphology with filaments, cavities, ionization fronts, and dark clouds. The small planetary nebula Abell 71 (PK 085+04.1), also catalogued as Sh2-116, is visible in the lower-right part of the image; it lies in the foreground and is not physically associated with Sh2-115. The image was processed in narrowband using an SHO combination and the Hubble palette. PK 085+04.1, also known as Abell 71 or Sh2-116, lies very close by in the same field of view in Cygnus, at an estimated distance of between 2,400 and 3,100 light-years from Earth. For many years it was classified as a planetary nebula with an almost circular, nearly spherical morphology. More recent astrophysical research, however, has shown that this appearance conceals a much more complex ellipsoidal structure that interacts closely with the Sh2-115 hydrogen-emission region. Its proximity to and physical overlap with the surrounding interstellar medium continue to fuel debate among astronomers over whether it is purely an isolated planetary nebula or a star-forming region with unusual characteristics.

General information

Constellation
Cygnus
Category
Nebulae
Date
5 July 2026

Capture

Total time
5h 45min
Subframes
300s (Ha: 33x, OIII: 20x, SII: 16x) bin1
Gain / Offset
125 / 30
Calibration
30 flat frames, 30 dark-flat frames and 40 library dark frames per sessió and filtre, without bias frames

Equipment

Telescope
TS102ED f/5.6
Camera
ASI294MM at -10ºC
Filters
Ha, OIII and SII Astronomik, 6 nm
Mount
Sky Watcher Wave 150i
Guiding
PHD2, Guide scope 60mm/f4 + ASI220MM + PegasusAstro UCH + PPBMicro
Focuser
ZWO EAF
Filter wheel
ZWO EFW 7pos

Processing and environment

Processing
Stacked and post-processed with PixInsight 1.9.4
Acquisition
NINA
Location
l'Ampolla
Sky
Bortle 4

Annual visibility

178 days per year above +30° at 00:00 UTC from 41° N, 1.5° E.

Additional versions

Starless versionStarless version that reveals the filaments, cavities, and ionization fronts of Sh2-115 more clearly.
Enlarged view of Sh2-115A slightly enlarged view of the image to better reveal the details and structures of the Sh2-115 nebula.
Annotated imageAnnotated field version identifying Sh2-115, Abell 71, and other notable objects in the region.
Detail of PK 085+04.1Enlarged crop of the planetary nebula Abell 71, also catalogued as PK 085+04.1 and Sh2-116.
Post-processing workflowDiagram of the PixInsight workflow used to produce the final image.